Pakistan’s Frenemies

The Resource–Geography Paradox Pakistan frequently highlights its strategic location at the confluence of South Asia, the Middle East, and Central Asia, alongside its vast natural resource endowment, including copper, coal, gas, and gold, valued in the trillions of dollars. Its coastline along major global oil routes strengthens its image as a country destined for economic…

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Beyond Battle

A Handbook on Counter-Terror Operations (Dedicated to one of the finest Armies, in general, that anyone can be rightly proud to have been associated with and to all young officers in particular, that make this Army, what it is)(No religion is responsible for terrorism. People are responsible for violence and terrorism).Barack Obama. PremisePakistan has suffered…

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Afghan Obduracy

“One thing that I noticed is, having met some former Taliban that they, as children, grew up being indoctrinated. They grew up in violence. They grew up in war. They were taught to hate. They grew up in very ignorant cultures where they did not learn about the outside world.”anon The Pak-Afghan peace talks in…

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Critical Minerals, Geo-Economics, and Strategic Balancing

Pakistan–U.S. Engagement Through the Lens of the National Security Policy (NSP-2022) AbstractPakistan’s emerging cooperation with U.S. entities on critical minerals—particularly rare-earth elements (REEs), copper, and gold—has sparked regional debate and raised questions about sovereignty, geo-economic balancing, and long-term national security. Using the framework articulated in Pakistan’s National Security Policy (NSP-2022), this article evaluates whether such…

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Organization of Turkic States

Regional Challenges 1. Security Threats PKK/YPG terrorism in Syria/Iraq is top concern for Türkiye. The PKK is listed as a terrorist organization by Türkiye, the United States, and the European Union. The conflict between Türkiye and the PKK has been ongoing since 1984 and has resulted in over 40,000 deaths. Ankara asserts that the YPG…

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