Brief background of the Historic Hejaz RailwayThe historic Hejaz Railway was one of the Ottoman Empire’s grand infrastructure projects that was the brainchild of late Ottoman Sultan Abdulhamid II. The construction of this great project began in the year 1900 under the Sultan’s decree, and by 1908 the railway had connected Istanbul to Medina, before…
Brief strategic overview. Recent developments in the global and regional arena require careful attention from our policy makers on how to maneuver Pakistan’s foreign policy and military strategy from a strategic positioning standpoint under the current challenging scenarios. These developments include, the ongoing Israel-Palestine conflict in the Middle East, Iran-US recent war, Strait of Hormuz…
The ongoing situation in the Middle East is indicating a very serious deadlock due to the war between United States, Iran & Israel. The deadlock was mainly due to the Iran’s nuclear program, the Iranian regime and its capability to block the Strait of Hormuz which is an economic lifeline for many countries in the…
Complexity to Facilitation & Broader Mediterranean Stability Historical & Strategic Perspective: Historically, Libya-Turkey relations are deeply rooted around many centuries of common history that goes back to Ottoman Empire stretch in the Mediterranean that ruled Libya from 1551–1912. This long centuries-based rule along with shared culture and values had an everlasting impact in terms of…
Regional Challenges 1. Security Threats PKK/YPG terrorism in Syria/Iraq is top concern for Türkiye. The PKK is listed as a terrorist organization by Türkiye, the United States, and the European Union. The conflict between Türkiye and the PKK has been ongoing since 1984 and has resulted in over 40,000 deaths. Ankara asserts that the YPG…
Joint Foreign Policy Challenges The unique location of Central Asian countries and the vast land mass, commonly referred to Turan, ideally dictate it to be a single geographical and Geo-political Union or economic bloc to play a vital role in the regional and global geopolitical environment. This bloc has the power and capability to counter…
Strategic Repercussions of the 2025 Indo-Pak Conflict The astounding success of Operation Bunyan ul Marsoos (OBM) has severely dented the ‘Hindutva’ ideology in general and hurt its proponents in particular. The modern day India and its governance have over-arching influence of not only Hindutva ideology bit also draws inspiration from the centuries old Chanakya ideology….
The economic corridors concept is not new rather it is the upgradation of the historical ancient Silk Road concept that consisted of a vast network of trade routes connecting the global East and West, thus primarily facilitating the exchange of trade goods and culture between China and Europe. As per the historical maps it was…
Brief Summary and Background Pakistan has a long history of wars with India on the Kashmir issue due to its disputed nature, however, the root cause of tension is far beyond this regional issue which reflects India’s expansionist designs. Though diplomatic ties were established in 1947, yet, India did not accept the creation of Pakistan…
The topic of Food Security was not in the limelight for many reasons as it should have been since our main focus was on strategic and foreign policy doctrine during past years and what Pakistan has to do to adjust strategically as well as tactically to curb and maneuver regional and global challenges that were…
