Artificial intelligence (AI) is the undeniably most enigmatic of all the emerging new scientific tools of 21st century. AI is reforming the contemporary apparatuses and pulse of global governance. Its capacity to process vast datasets, forecast, and automate decision support offers extraordinary advantages for intelligence and defense on one hand and is influencing global governance…
For four months in early 2026, the Gulf Cooperation Council faced something rare in its history: a common external shock. Iranian missiles and drones struck ports, airports, and military facilities across all six member states during the US-Israel war on Iran. Statements from Riyadh, Abu Dhabi, and Doha condemned the attacks in strikingly similar language,…
In many of our institutions today, whether in workplaces or in public life, we have developed a habit of treating incumbency as a proxy for competence. The longer someone has held a position, the more entitled they seem to be to keep it. This tendency is so ingrained that incumbency itself becomes a kind of…
Brief background of the Historic Hejaz RailwayThe historic Hejaz Railway was one of the Ottoman Empire’s grand infrastructure projects that was the brainchild of late Ottoman Sultan Abdulhamid II. The construction of this great project began in the year 1900 under the Sultan’s decree, and by 1908 the railway had connected Istanbul to Medina, before…
“So, it is with minds. Unless you keep them busy with some definite subject that will bridle and control them, they throw themselves in disorder hither and yon in the vague field of imagination… And there is no mad or idle fancy that they do not bring forth in the agitation.” Michel de Montaigne In…
The fragile security landscape of South Asia is increasingly tied to the volatile geopolitics of the Middle East. As the tripartite tensions involving the United States, Israel, and Iran simmer, the shockwaves are felt acutely in Pakistan and Afghanistan, and for that matter India as well. To fully comprehend this equation, one must analyze the…
The India-Pakistan four-day confrontation in the kinetic domain has inaugurated a new debate in leading global academic circles, compelling them to alter their conventional visualisations of contemporary nuclear politics. New Delhi’s formal attempt to rationalise its offensive strategic aspirations through Operation Sindoor led to Islamabad’s reactive defensive approach in the form of Operation Bunyan-un-Marsoos. Both…
