Since the arrival of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) at the helm, a marked change has occurred in the outlook of the Indian Army. Apolitical hitherto, it gradually became involved in politics one way or another. Anti-Muslim sentiments gained momentum, and Bollywood-style hyper-action movies began to shape perceptions—blurring the line between fiction and reality—and influencing…

India was the jewel in the crown of the British Empire during the 18th, 19th, and part of the 20th century; if that was so, the glare and shine emanated from the British Indian Army. The Air Force was still nascent, and the Navy had a secondary role per se. In 1947, when the partition…

I was serving in 35 Heavy Regiment Artillery (1970-72), and we were deployed in our operational locations after the 1971 Indo-Pak War, that one day, perhaps in March 1972, we came to know that two guns and a Command Post along with Battery Commander (BC) and two officers had to participate in a parade to…

The Constitution of Pakistan was adopted on 10 Apr 1973, after it was passed unanimously in the National Assembly. This was the period after the tragedy of 1971, creation of Bangladesh and Mr Bhutto coming into power on the basis of the same very elections, whose one part (Mujib getting the majority) was not acceptable…

This part covers the period from 1985 to 2003, which saw two military dictators, Gen Zia (1977-1988) and Gen Musharraf (1999-2008), two sham democratic governments viz Benazir Bhutto (1988-1990 & 1993-1996) and Nawaz Sharif (1990-1993 & 1996-1999). Let’s see how each one behaved as for ‘The Constitution of Pakistan’ is concerned. So here we go.  The…