Operational Insights from the Largest Air Battle of 21st Century The skies over South Asia in May 2025 glowed like a live wire; buzzing with radar beams, contrails, and the silent hum of targeting computers locked in deadly games. Above the jagged silhouette of the Himalayas, where thin air turns sound brittle, two of Asia’s…
We are living in the age of infodemic, where information mixed with disinformation and misinformation spreads like a pandemic. A plethora of literature has been produced on the largest Beyond Visual Range (BVR) air battle between the Pakistan Air Force (PAF) and the Indian Air Force (IAF) in early May 2025. Every author has attempted…
Exercised Options in the 2025 India-Pakistan Conflict Historical Echoes: When Doctrine Forged Machines Military doctrine is derived from three sources: Theory, Technology and History. These enablers play an interactive definitive role in developing ‘what we believe about best way to do things’ as per ‘Military Doctrine’ from Dennis Drew & Don Snow. Technology is a…
And Disaster Relief are Borderless The sea is a common heritage with challenges and opportunities that are there for all. The littorals also understand this fact well and that’s the reason why a need for collaborative arrangements has always been felt. Besides the stress by international organisations under the UN charter and legal frameworks, there…
There is nothing more valuable than human life. Everyone holds on to existence and does everything they can to preserve it; yet some, driven by choice and conviction, willingly sacrifice their lives for the sake of Allah and in defense of their homeland. Such individuals are martyrs, and their sacrifice deserves the utmost honor in…
Viz a viz NFC Award of Pakistan Every five years, on 20 October, the world marks World Statistics Day (“WSD”), a global observance designated by the United Nations Statistical Commission and promoted by the United Nations Statistics Division, to highlight the importance of statistics – reliable data – for societies, economies and decision-making. The first…
The Saudi-Pakistan Security Partnership On September 17, Pakistan and Saudi Arabia signed the Strategic Defence Mutual Agreement (SDMA). This development sent shockwaves across the globe as the agreement stipulates that “any aggression on either country shall be considered an aggression against both.” For decades, Riyadh has relied on Washington for security guarantees in exchange for…
The military history of Lahore has long been overlooked, often eclipsed by the city’s more vibrant cultural and literary reputation. Even in the present day, old Lahore is remembered more as a cultural, archaeological, and architectural amusement than as a former engine of war and defence. Few South Asian cities embody as long and layered…
Pathfinder Group’s School of Excellence, Centre for Innovation, Technological Advancement, Digital Entrepreneurs & Leadership (CITADEL), successfully hosted the Davos Startup Challenge Final Round on Saturday, October 25, 2025, at AMAANIBAGH, Angoori, Islamabad. The event brought together some of Pakistan’s most promising startups, industry leaders, and diplomats for a day of innovation, inspiration, and entrepreneurial excellence….
Pakistan’s Untapped Strategic Resource Abstract Rare earth elements (REEs) have emerged as strategic enablers of 21st-century technologies, underpinning renewable energy, advanced electronics, and defense systems. While China dominates the global extraction and refining industry, the United States is seeking to diversify supply chains through partnerships with alternative producers. Pakistan, endowed with significant yet untapped mineral…
