In recent years, regional organizations are seen vividly interacting on emerging global issues. The 17th ECO Summit was held on July 3 and 4, 2025, in Khankendi, Azerbaijan which was attended by heads and high level representatives of its 10 member states. According to ECO charter, heads of government/states must meet biennially to review the…
Introduction From the dawn of civilization, humans have wrestled with the question: Why are we here? Ancient Mesopotamian myths told of humans created to serve the gods; Egyptian beliefs tied purpose to maintaining cosmic order (Ma’at). The Greek philosophers, from Socrates (470/399BC) to Aristotle (428/347BC), sought reason-based foundations for human existence, with Aristotle emphasizing the…
Quos Deus vult perdere, prius dementat. This is Greek for literally, “those whom God wishes to destroy, he first deprives of reason”. In the recent past, this adage was transposed to English literature as “whom the gods would destroy, they first make mad”. In both cases, it is a stark reminder of how social order…
How AI is Reworking Global Defense The sounds of war used to be crashing metal and loud engines. Now, there’s a cool sound on the battlefield: the hum of artificial intelligence (AI). AI is not just making things better; it is completely changing how the defense industry works. This means countries need to rethink their…
Tax collection has always been an indispensable pillar in the architecture of a functioning state. Since the earliest formations of organized governance, levying taxes has been a standard practice to ensure the sustenance of administrative machinery, provision of public services, and the defense of the realm. No society, however prosperous or modest, can remain viable…
“War is the great auditor of institutions”. Correlli Barnett Every armed conflict brings new dynamics to bilateral relations between the belligerents and has an impact on domestic politics. Each party’s role also has an impact on regional and international relations. In April-May 2025, India and Pakistan were engaged in another limited conflict that was quickly…
Introduction: The Visible Geography Behind Invisible Wars “Satellites may spy from the heavens, and malware may cripple nations silently, but tank battalions still roll on roads, and oil still flows through chokepoints.” This statement has never been more relevant than during the Iran–Israel conflict of 2025. On June 13, Israel launched a surprise offensive targeting…
The economic corridors concept is not new rather it is the upgradation of the historical ancient Silk Road concept that consisted of a vast network of trade routes connecting the global East and West, thus primarily facilitating the exchange of trade goods and culture between China and Europe. As per the historical maps it was…
Let’s face it – the human brain is like the Wi-Fi signal of your local café: brilliant when it works, but prone to dropping out right when you need it most. Especially when faced with complex problems – the kind that come with multiple layers, conflicting information, and a vague sense of operating in the…
It seems that when it comes to armed conflict, 2025 is a gift (pun intended) that keeps on giving! Now how about this for an unfortunate twist of events? No sooner the fast paced India – Pakistan conflict ended on May 10, three weeks later Israel attacked Iran – a technological Goliath taking aim at…
