The Treaty of Westphalia is considered to be the foundation and a reference point for the conceptual establishment of the idea of a “Nation State”. It solidified the notions of territorial sovereignty, state autonomy, and the structure of the international system. Signed in 1648, the treaty stabilised patterns of interstate conduct it reinforced. Since 1648,…
Operation Swift Retort to the 4-Day War of May 2025 The Air Force is an inherently technology-sensitive force and without adopting emerging technologies, concepts, and doctrines, it risks falling behind in effectiveness and relevance. Aware of this eventuality, the leadership of Pakistan Air Force (PAF) has always remained open to change and ready to embrace…
Realism never left; it merely receded from view while a brief liberal moment convinced the world that power politics had been tamed. Today, that illusion lies in ruins across a cascading sequence of conflicts unfolding in stark succession – from the ongoing Iran–U.S.–Israel war, which has ignited a multi-theatre confrontation across the Middle East, to…
Visualise a modern-day Air Force commander sitting in the operations room, miles away from the combat zone, overseeing every friendly and enemy aircraft and all assets involved in the campaign. In a split second, he can task a fighter, reposition a drone, and authorise a strike. In today’s promising technological era, he does not even…
My Tribute to the Silent Strength of our Society When I first opened my eyes in this world, the first face I saw was that of a loving, caring, and devoted mother. Her gentle touch, warm smile, and endless patience formed the earliest memories of my childhood. Like every child, I did not understand the…
Ikram Sehgal in conversation with Dr Huma Baqai at 17th Karachi Literature Festival (KLF) In a deep-dive conversation with Dr. Huma Baqai, Rector of the Millennium Institute of Technology and Entrepreneurship (MiTE) about the rapid shift in the geopolitical landscape of the subcontinent. Ikram Sehgal, Co-Chairman Pathfinder Group, addressed a packed audience at the Karachi…
DAVOS, Switzerland, January 21, 2026 Pathfinder Group hosted the “INVESTMENT IN PAKISTAN” at the PAKISTAN PAVILION during the World Economic Forum (WEF) Annual Meeting in DAVOS 2026 on Wednesday, January 21, 2026, from 12:30 pm to 03:00 pm. Held at the Morosani Posthotel, the exclusive luncheon brought together global policymakers, business leaders, academics, investors and…
How CITADEL Is Turning Pakistan into a Global Innovation Platform Innovation is no longer a niche ambition; it is a national strategy that shapes power, resilience, and global relevance. Countries that master innovative tech ecosystems define the future; those that lag become passive participants in it. With the kind of technology on the horizon, lagging…
Pakistan’s Relevance? It may be dangerous to be America’s enemy, but to be America’s friend is fatal ~Henry Kissinger The Premise The World is changing and new power paradigms are in play. The conventional order and rule-based certainties are now being challenged while the United Nations is gradually reduced to becoming a benign spectator –…
DAVOS stands as a premier global platform for international policymaking, significant discourse on unrelenting global encounters, and high-level relationship building. It brings together heads of state, policymakers, business leaders, academics, and thought leaders from across the world, making it one of the most influential forums for strategic agenda-setting and shaping the future direction of nations…
